Kidney stones can be the most horrible pain on earth!
I have had kidney stones for 16 years. I pass stones several times a month. I am a kidney stone master! I would like to share what I do to cope when I am passing a stone and also explain a little about why I have so many kidney stones. I have Medullary Sponge Kidney, also known as MSK or Cacchi-Ricci disease.
Different kinds of pain from a kidney stone:Visceral and Referred
Pain from the organs of your abdomen and pelvis is called visceral pain. Visceral Pain is often referred to another part of the body. My kidney stone pain can in my back, right over my kidneys, on my side, low in the front near my groin.
It can be constant or intermittent, dull and achy or sharp enough to make it hurt to breath.
I can also get referred pain up my jaw behind my ear.
Pain control during a stone episode.
Sometimes a heating pad is all I need. Usually I need something stronger. I used to go to the ER and they would give me an IV with morphine or some other really strong drug that just drugged me up into a fog. Then one time they gave me something that took away the pain but did not affect my alertness. I was thrilled. It is called Toradol and I ask for it everytime now.
Since I have hundreds of stones in each kidney, my urologist has me stocked with meds so I can treat myself at home for all but the worst pain.
I have Demoral, Dilauded, Toradol and Ativan that I take depending on the severity of the pain. Toradol is my favorite, but you can only use it 5 days.
I always take an ativan with the medicine. It calms me down and I am able to tolerate the pain better.
I use Fenergan for the nausea that the pain meds can cause. I am allergic to percocet and vicodan but they help some people.
YOUR TREATMENT TEAM
You are the TEAM LEADER
Develop a treatment team: A primary Doctor, A Urologist and a Nephrologist are a good start.
If needed you can add a Pain doctor and an Endocronologist. Your primary doctor keeps communication between your team flowing. A Urologist is for physical stone care and removal surgery. The Nephrologist is going to keep up with kidney function and stone formation prevention. If your doctors are reluctant to prescribe needed pain medications, you may need a Pain specialist. If your stones are caused by a metabolic imbalance you may need an Endocronologist.
Some ways to prevent more stones.

Drinking 3 ounces of lemon juice from concentrate is supposed to help.
Stop the soda! Any of the dark sodas and mountain dew are bad.
If I drink Iced tea I am almost guaranteed to end up in the ER within a few days. JUST SAY NO!
Spinach is high in Oxalate which is in many stones.
Too little calcium can make your body hoard the calcium it does have. That can cause more stones. Don't overdo the calcium but do not restrict it severely.
If you have gout, you may form uric acid stones. Treat your gout preventatively.
Medical Interventions
When you can't just wait it out.
When a stone is too big to pass on it's own, you may have to have it removed. One way is Lithotripsy:

Many times after lithotripsy a stent will be placed in your ureter to keep any stone fragments from blocking your kidney.

My experience with a stent ranged from uncomfortable to painful. Also my urine was full of blood until the stent was removed. This is normal.
Ultrasound with Kidney diagram overlay
The white areas are clusters of kidney stones. When I lined up the drawing of a kidney, the pockets align with the renal pyramids.
The renal pyramids contain nephrons. The nephrons are connected to the collecting tubules which deliver the urine to the renal pelvis, which empties through the ureter to the bladder.
In MSK the the collecting tubules, which are in the renal pyramids, are enlarged and urine can pool and stagnate in them, which can cause kidney stones to form.
Kidney stones typically form in the renal pelvis, which is an open area so they can be broken up and removed without damaging kidney tissue.
In MSK the stones are embedded in the collecting tubules. Breaking them up would cause the tubules to be cut up and damaged, causing loss of kidney function and possible kidney failure.
Dr. Wolf, at The University of Michigan, has developed a procedure to remove the stones from the collecting tubules without damaging the kidneys. It is called URETEROSCOPIC LASER PAPILLOTOMY.
Loss Of Kidney Function
Antibiotics help with pain control
A few days after having the last stent removed, I had a blood test. This test showed a dramatic drop in my kidney function. From eGFR went from 69 in June 08 to 53 in Nov. 08.
I was quite scared.
Then in December the entire family caught the Flu. Greg and I developed bronchitis and were prescribed Bactrim. Although I was sick, my kidneys were not painful for the first time in one and a half years. After the Bactrim ran out, my kidneys started aching again. My Urologist agreed to give me 3 months of Bactrim. My kidneys are feeling much better and I am not even passing as many stones.
We think I had a kidney infection that did not culture in the lab.
I am so thankful that I caught the flu. I feel 10 years younger and am active again!
In January my eGFR was improved to 59!
Update July 2009 :Kidney function eGFR is down to 57.
Update August 27, 2009:Kidney function is down to 47. I have been in much less pain and I was surprised at these results.
Update December 26, 2009:
I have been on Bactrim for a year now and I am still doing well and functioning on an almost daily basis without pain medicine.